Post by retnavyc on Apr 4, 2015 16:54:27 GMT
This post was compiled by retnavy1 in the original GEC and can be found here.
KRUG-FIX24-FIX40-THICK8-CDAA-123114.kmz (63.83 KB)
Top Secret CIA Files (downgraded, available through FOIA)
SOVIET KRUG AND OTHER CDAAS
The Soviet KRUG thread originally posted by Bill Robinson disappeared from the GE Community due to some type of technical problem. I've recreated the thread, and added an updated file.
Original post by Bill Robinson:
During the Cold War, the Soviet Union deployed dozens of large, circularly disposed antenna arrays (CDAAs) for radio direction-finding and signals intelligence (SIGINT) collection. Most were deployed on the territory of the Soviet Union, but some were built in satellite or allied countries. Most, but not all, are now out of service.
Wullenweber-style CDAA at Augusta, Germany, courtesy Wiki
This thread is an attempt to pull together all the former Soviet CDAAs that can be found on Google Earth. Many have been posted already in other threads, but it is hard to find the whole group when they are scattered among these (and other) threads, and when I suggested a year or so ago that we should compile them into a single spot there seemed to be general approval for the idea. So here finally is that thread; my apologies for the inevitable duplication of some placemarks that will have occurred.
There are several different kinds of CDAA in the list. The first kind were known to NATO as Krug arrays. Krug is Russian for circle, and it may be that Russia applies the term Krug to all CDAAs (perhaps someone in the know can tell us whether or not that is the case), but the Western use of the term refers only to the very large arrays 200-300 metres in diameter with a vertical screen (looking like a huge circular fence) about 105 metres in diameter that is surrounded by 40 large antenna towers. The list currently includes 26 Krugs, including 9 recently found by retnavy1 that have not been posted before.
Odessa II KRUG
The second kind of CDAA is known to NATO as a Fix-24. This kind of array is 150-200 metres in diameter and contains concentric rings of antennas 45 and 130 metres in diameter. These antennas are very difficult to see even at the best GE resolutions, but in some instances they are visible. There are 17 probable Fix-24s on the current list, including 10 recently found by retnavy1.
Rostov-on-Don CDAA - possible FIX-24
A third kind of array, name unknown, is associated with the Duga Over-The-Horizon radar sites. Presumably these arrays had something to do with the operation of those radars. There are 3 of these arrays on the list.
The list also contains several unknown types or possible former CDAA sites.
For each CDAA site, I have tried to note the GE username of the person who originally found it. In some cases, however, I couldn't determine who that was. Please let me know of any errors or omissions and I will try to correct them.
For more information about CDAAs in general, see the Wikipedia article on Wullenweber antennas.
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Author's Notes
This is a list of GEC contributors who began the task of assembling this file, headed up by Bill Robinson.
....(Bill Fink, notuboo, satcom15, df5sx, jaeger21, stochelo, bugsbunny76, kjfitz, lex2, redline242, stzc)
The Soviets used the generic term 'KRUG' (circle), to describe all the CDAA systems they produced that were derived from the
German Wullenweber technology.
Western Intelligence, to avoid confusion, assigned the term KRUG to the large Soviet CDAA system that was a clone of the German system. By western standards and classification, there were ONLY 31 KRUGS ever constructed. These
sites are all contained in Folder #1.
The Soviets also constructed a small, generic, 8-antenna CDAA, (using same caged antenna as the KRUG) which western intelligence referred to as a THICK EIGHT. This system was deployed in the Soviet Union, Warsaw Pact countries, and the technology sold to China. Soviet/Warsaw Pact sites are in folders #2 and 2A. The Chinese sites are in folders #3 and 3A.
Another Soviet CDAA system was a two-band (24 antenna per band), system with similar operational characteristics as the Plessey Pusher. (Early assessment of this system, indicated that is was originally constructed with a single 24 antenna band) This system was deployed in the Soviet Union, Warsaw Pact countries, Viet Nam and Cuba. These Soviet/Warsaw Pact sites are in Folder #2 and 2A. The Viet Nam and Cuba sites are in Folder #8.
Another CDAA system of Soviet origin was a mobile unit, which was assigned the designator FIX EIGHT. This system used 8 antennas, surrounding a Communications/DF Van. There are no examples of this system in the Soviet/Warsaw Pact folders.
The Chinese operated their FIX EIGHT systems as both mobile units (Comm/DF Van) and as fixed sites (Permanent building instead of the van).
There are several examples of the permanent FIX EIGHT sites in Folder #3.
Folders #4 and #5 are the US equivalents of the Wullenweber/KRUG (FRD-10 & FLR9).
Folder # 6 are the US/UK Plessey Pushers, the equivalent of the FIX24
Folder #7 lists the sites of an unknown type of CDAA that was used by the FCC
Folder#8 is a conglomerate of CDAA types used by other countries. (Spain, Japan, Taiwan, Germany, France, Etc)....
KRUG-FIX24-FIX40-THICK8-CDAA-123114.kmz (63.83 KB)
Top Secret CIA Files (downgraded, available through FOIA)
SOVIET KRUG AND OTHER CDAAS
The Soviet KRUG thread originally posted by Bill Robinson disappeared from the GE Community due to some type of technical problem. I've recreated the thread, and added an updated file.
Original post by Bill Robinson:
During the Cold War, the Soviet Union deployed dozens of large, circularly disposed antenna arrays (CDAAs) for radio direction-finding and signals intelligence (SIGINT) collection. Most were deployed on the territory of the Soviet Union, but some were built in satellite or allied countries. Most, but not all, are now out of service.
Wullenweber-style CDAA at Augusta, Germany, courtesy Wiki
This thread is an attempt to pull together all the former Soviet CDAAs that can be found on Google Earth. Many have been posted already in other threads, but it is hard to find the whole group when they are scattered among these (and other) threads, and when I suggested a year or so ago that we should compile them into a single spot there seemed to be general approval for the idea. So here finally is that thread; my apologies for the inevitable duplication of some placemarks that will have occurred.
There are several different kinds of CDAA in the list. The first kind were known to NATO as Krug arrays. Krug is Russian for circle, and it may be that Russia applies the term Krug to all CDAAs (perhaps someone in the know can tell us whether or not that is the case), but the Western use of the term refers only to the very large arrays 200-300 metres in diameter with a vertical screen (looking like a huge circular fence) about 105 metres in diameter that is surrounded by 40 large antenna towers. The list currently includes 26 Krugs, including 9 recently found by retnavy1 that have not been posted before.
Odessa II KRUG
Rostov-on-Don CDAA - possible FIX-24
A third kind of array, name unknown, is associated with the Duga Over-The-Horizon radar sites. Presumably these arrays had something to do with the operation of those radars. There are 3 of these arrays on the list.
The list also contains several unknown types or possible former CDAA sites.
For each CDAA site, I have tried to note the GE username of the person who originally found it. In some cases, however, I couldn't determine who that was. Please let me know of any errors or omissions and I will try to correct them.
For more information about CDAAs in general, see the Wikipedia article on Wullenweber antennas.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Author's Notes
This is a list of GEC contributors who began the task of assembling this file, headed up by Bill Robinson.
....(Bill Fink, notuboo, satcom15, df5sx, jaeger21, stochelo, bugsbunny76, kjfitz, lex2, redline242, stzc)
The Soviets used the generic term 'KRUG' (circle), to describe all the CDAA systems they produced that were derived from the
German Wullenweber technology.
Western Intelligence, to avoid confusion, assigned the term KRUG to the large Soviet CDAA system that was a clone of the German system. By western standards and classification, there were ONLY 31 KRUGS ever constructed. These
sites are all contained in Folder #1.
The Soviets also constructed a small, generic, 8-antenna CDAA, (using same caged antenna as the KRUG) which western intelligence referred to as a THICK EIGHT. This system was deployed in the Soviet Union, Warsaw Pact countries, and the technology sold to China. Soviet/Warsaw Pact sites are in folders #2 and 2A. The Chinese sites are in folders #3 and 3A.
Another Soviet CDAA system was a two-band (24 antenna per band), system with similar operational characteristics as the Plessey Pusher. (Early assessment of this system, indicated that is was originally constructed with a single 24 antenna band) This system was deployed in the Soviet Union, Warsaw Pact countries, Viet Nam and Cuba. These Soviet/Warsaw Pact sites are in Folder #2 and 2A. The Viet Nam and Cuba sites are in Folder #8.
Another CDAA system of Soviet origin was a mobile unit, which was assigned the designator FIX EIGHT. This system used 8 antennas, surrounding a Communications/DF Van. There are no examples of this system in the Soviet/Warsaw Pact folders.
The Chinese operated their FIX EIGHT systems as both mobile units (Comm/DF Van) and as fixed sites (Permanent building instead of the van).
There are several examples of the permanent FIX EIGHT sites in Folder #3.
Folders #4 and #5 are the US equivalents of the Wullenweber/KRUG (FRD-10 & FLR9).
Folder # 6 are the US/UK Plessey Pushers, the equivalent of the FIX24
Folder #7 lists the sites of an unknown type of CDAA that was used by the FCC
Folder#8 is a conglomerate of CDAA types used by other countries. (Spain, Japan, Taiwan, Germany, France, Etc)....
