Historical locations along the Silkroad
Jan 5, 2016 17:02:44 GMT
washi, ET_Explorer, and 1 more like this
Post by seiyu on Jan 5, 2016 17:02:44 GMT
1. Dandan Oilik (Chinese: 丹丹乌里克; pinyin: Dāndānwūlǐkè), also Dandān-Uiliq, lit. "the houses with ivory", is an abandoned historic oasis town and Buddhist site in the Taklamakan Desert of China, located to the northeast of Khotan in what is now the autonomous region of Xinjiang, between the Khotan and Keriya rivers. The central site covers an area of 4.5 km2; the greater oasis extends over an area of 22 km2. The site flourished from the sixth century as a site along the southern branch of the Silk Road until abandonment before the Tibetan advance at the end of the eighth century. Dandan Oilik was rediscovered and partially excavated by a succession of foreign explorers starting in 1896, and has yielded rich finds including manuscripts, stucco reliefs, painted wooden panels, and murals. A detailed survey was conducted in 2006 although much of the site remains unexcavated. Dandan Oilik is currently off-limits to the public. Dandan Uiliq.kmz (1.3 KB) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dandan_Oilik
2. Domoko Ancient Buddhist Ruins. 達瑪溝仏教文化遺址 Domoko is a ruined village site (known as Old Domoko) located in the eastern region of the Khotan oasis in China, about 20 kilometers north the Domoko administrative center, on the southern arm of the Silk Road. The site is located in the Xinjiang autonomous region. The finds from Domoko appear to have consisted primarily of wooden panels, located in the ruins of a sanctuary near the oasis. The rectangular panels were painted with images of Buddha, Bodhisattvas and various other Buddhist-Hindu deities. One of key points of interest relating to the Silk Roads is the exchange of ideas, particularly in regards to technology and religion. Some of the most significant finds have been those related to the development and expansion of Buddhism in China. The most famous examples are the silk paintings and scrolls found at Dunhuang and given to the British Museum by Aurel Stein. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domoko. Domokois a ruined village site (known as Old Domoko) located in the eastern region of the Khotan oasis in China, about 20 kilometers north the Domoko administrative center, on the southern arm of the Silk Road. The site is located in the Xinjiang autonomous region. The finds from Domoko appear to have consisted primarily of wooden panels, located in the ruins of a sanctuary near the oasis. The rectangular panels were painted with images of Buddha, Bodhisattvas and various other Buddhist-Hindu deities. One of key points of interest relating to the Silk Roads is the exchange of ideas, particularly in regards to technology and religion. Some of the most significant finds have been those related to the development and expansion of Buddhism in China. The most famous examples are the silk paintings and scrolls found at Dunhuang and given to the British Museum by Aurel Stein. Domoko.kmz (1.28 KB)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domoko
3. The Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves (Chinese: 柏孜克里千佛洞; pinyin: Bózīkèlǐ Qiānfódòng) is a complex of Buddhist cave grottos dating from the 5th to 14th century between the cities of Turpan and Shanshan (Loulan) at the north-east of the Taklamakan Desert near the ancient ruins of Gaochang in the Mutou Valley, a gorge in the Flaming Mountains, China. They are high on the cliffs of the west Mutou Valley under the Flaming Mountains, and most of the surviving caves date from the West Uyghur kingdom around the 10th to 13th centuries. Bezeklik.kmz (1.1 KB)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezeklik_Thousand_Buddha_Caves
4. Dulan Reshui Necropolis: 8th Century Tuguhun royal tomb. Tuguhun Kingdom, one branch of Xianbei tribe, was 15km away on the northwest of Qinghai Lake. Date back to end of Western Jin Dynasty, Xianbei tribe moved to southeast of Qinghai Province , lived together with local Qiang and Di tribe and found Tuguhun Kingdom. In its 350 –year history, Tuguhun people made great contribution to civilization in Qinghai and the formation of one of the Silk Road in ancient China.
都蘭熱水大墓：8世紀頃の吐谷渾の王族墓。吐谷渾は五胡十六国時代に遼西のモンゴル系の鮮卑慕容部から分かれた部族。4世紀から8世紀まで青海一帯を支配して栄えたが、チベット系の吐蕃王朝に滅ぼされた。この古墳群は大小合わせて200もの古墳の跡が確認され、そこからは錦、綾、羅、紗などの様々な絹織物が出土した。青海の道で東西交易が盛んであったことを証明した。かつては、北の河西回廊の迂回路とだけ考えられていた青海の道が、実は主要なシルクロードの一つであったことを証明したのだ。 Reshui Tomb.kmz (1.53 KB)
www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/articles.php?searchterm=001_qinghai.inc&issue=001
archaeologicalnews.tumblr.com/post/7890553362/protecting-the-tombs-of-the-tuyuhun-empire
5. Ancient City of Gaochang 高昌故城 (Chinese: 高昌; pinyin: Gāochāng), also called Karakhoja, Qara-hoja, Kara-Khoja, or Karahoja (قاراغوجا in Uyghur), is the site of a ruined, ancient oasis city on the northern rim of the inhospitable Taklamakan Desert in present-day Xinjiang, China. The site is also known in published reports as Chotscho, Khocho, Qocho, or Qočo. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, Gaochang was referred to as "Halahezhuo" (哈拉和卓) (Qara-khoja) and Huozhou. The ruins are located 30 km from Turpan. The archaeological remains are just outside the modern town of Gaochang, at a place called Idykut-schari or Idikutschari by local residents. (see the work of Albert Grünwedel in the external links below). Artistic depictions of the city have been published by Albert von Le Coq. Gaochang is considered in some sources to have been be a "Chinese colony", that is, it was located in a region otherwise occupied at the time by West Eurasian Uighur peoples. A busy trading center, it was a stopping point for merchant traders traveling on the Silk Road. It was destroyed in wars during the 14th century, and old palace ruins and inside and outside cities can still be seen today. The ruins are located 30 km southeast of modern Turpan.
Near Gaochang is another major archeological site: the Astana tombs. Gaoshang.kmz (1.5 KB)
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en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaochang
6. The Kizil Caves (also romanized Qizil Caves, spelling variant Qyzyl) are a set of Buddhist rock-cut caves located near Kizil Township (zh) (克孜尔乡, Kèzī'ěr Xiāng) in Baicheng County, Xinjiang, China. The site is located on the northern bank of the Muzat River 65 kilometres (75 km by road) west of Kucha. This area was a commercial hub of the Silk Road. The caves are said to be the earliest major Buddhist cave complex in China, with development occurring between the 3rd and 8th centuries.
The Kizil Caves complex is the largest of the ancient Buddhist cave sites that are associated with the ancient Tocharian kingdom of Kucha, as well as the largest in Xinjiang. Other cave sites in the Kucha region include the Kumtura Caves and Simsim Caves.
There are 236 cave temples in Kizil, carved into the cliff stretching from east to west for a length of 2 km. Of these, 135 are still relatively intact. The earliest caves are dated, based in part on radioactive carbon dating, to around the year 300. Most researchers believe that the caves were probably abandoned sometime around the beginning of the 8th century, after Tang influence reached the area. Documents written in Tocharian languages were found in Kizil, and a few of the caves contain Tocharian inscriptions which give the names of a few rulers.
Many of the caves have a central pillar design whereby pilgrims may circumambulate around a central column which is a representation of the stupa. A large vaulted chamber is located in front of the column and a smaller rear chamber behind with two tunnel-like corridors on the sides linking these spaces. In the front chamber, a three-dimensional image of Buddha would have been housed in a large niche serving as the focus of the interior, however, none of these sculptures have survived at Kizil. The rear chamber may feature the parinirvana scene in the form of a mural or large sculpture, and in some cases, a combination of both.
Kumārajīva (simplified Chinese: 鸠摩罗什; traditional Chinese: 鳩摩羅什; pinyin: Jiūmóluóshí; Wade–Giles: Chiu1 mo2 lo2 shih2, 344–413 CE) was a Buddhist monk, scholar, and translator from the Kingdom of Kucha who was known to be the first major scholar who translated Buddhist scripture into Chinese Language. He first studied teachings of the Sarvastivadin schools, later studied under Buddhasvāmin, and finally became an adherent of Mahayana Buddhism, studying the Mādhyamaka doctrine of Nāgārjuna. He is known to have studied here.
Kizil.kmz (2.07 KB) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizil_Caveslink
7. Subashi is a lost city located near Kucha in the Taklamakan Desert, on the ancient Silk Road, in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of China. The city was partly excavated by the Japanese archaeologue Count Otani.
A sarira, a Buddhist relic box of the 6th-7th century, discovered in Subashi shows Central Asian men in long tunics, reminiscent of other friezes which have been called Tocharian.
The "Witch of Subashi" is another famous archaeological artifact, the mummy of a woman with a huge pointed hat, thought to be a representative of early Caucasian populations who lived in the region around the beginning of our era.
Subashi.kmz (1.21 KB)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subashi_%28lost_city%29
8. The Xiaohe 'Little River' Tomb complex (Chinese: 小河墓) refers to a bronze-age burial site located near Lop Nur, in Xinjiang, Western China. It is an oblong sand dune, from which more than 30 well-preserved mummies, buried in air-tight ox-hide bags, have been excavated. The mummies, the earliest of which date from around 4000 years ago, appear Caucasoid. Genetic analysis, however, revealed an admixture of population from the East and West, with the paternal lineage exclusively west Eurasian, and the maternal lineage a mixture of east and west Eurasian. The entire Xiaohe Tomb complex contains about 330 tombs, about 160 of which have been looted by grave robbers. The Xiaohe remains contains the largest number of mummies found at any single site in the world to date. No human settlement has been found near the tomb complex; the bodies were therefore likely to have been transported from elsewhere for burial at this site.
Xiaohe Tomb complex.kmz (1.36 KB)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiaohe_Tomb_complex
2. Domoko Ancient Buddhist Ruins. 達瑪溝仏教文化遺址 Domoko is a ruined village site (known as Old Domoko) located in the eastern region of the Khotan oasis in China, about 20 kilometers north the Domoko administrative center, on the southern arm of the Silk Road. The site is located in the Xinjiang autonomous region. The finds from Domoko appear to have consisted primarily of wooden panels, located in the ruins of a sanctuary near the oasis. The rectangular panels were painted with images of Buddha, Bodhisattvas and various other Buddhist-Hindu deities. One of key points of interest relating to the Silk Roads is the exchange of ideas, particularly in regards to technology and religion. Some of the most significant finds have been those related to the development and expansion of Buddhism in China. The most famous examples are the silk paintings and scrolls found at Dunhuang and given to the British Museum by Aurel Stein. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domoko. Domokois a ruined village site (known as Old Domoko) located in the eastern region of the Khotan oasis in China, about 20 kilometers north the Domoko administrative center, on the southern arm of the Silk Road. The site is located in the Xinjiang autonomous region. The finds from Domoko appear to have consisted primarily of wooden panels, located in the ruins of a sanctuary near the oasis. The rectangular panels were painted with images of Buddha, Bodhisattvas and various other Buddhist-Hindu deities. One of key points of interest relating to the Silk Roads is the exchange of ideas, particularly in regards to technology and religion. Some of the most significant finds have been those related to the development and expansion of Buddhism in China. The most famous examples are the silk paintings and scrolls found at Dunhuang and given to the British Museum by Aurel Stein. Domoko.kmz (1.28 KB)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domoko
3. The Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves (Chinese: 柏孜克里千佛洞; pinyin: Bózīkèlǐ Qiānfódòng) is a complex of Buddhist cave grottos dating from the 5th to 14th century between the cities of Turpan and Shanshan (Loulan) at the north-east of the Taklamakan Desert near the ancient ruins of Gaochang in the Mutou Valley, a gorge in the Flaming Mountains, China. They are high on the cliffs of the west Mutou Valley under the Flaming Mountains, and most of the surviving caves date from the West Uyghur kingdom around the 10th to 13th centuries. Bezeklik.kmz (1.1 KB)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezeklik_Thousand_Buddha_Caves
4. Dulan Reshui Necropolis: 8th Century Tuguhun royal tomb. Tuguhun Kingdom, one branch of Xianbei tribe, was 15km away on the northwest of Qinghai Lake. Date back to end of Western Jin Dynasty, Xianbei tribe moved to southeast of Qinghai Province , lived together with local Qiang and Di tribe and found Tuguhun Kingdom. In its 350 –year history, Tuguhun people made great contribution to civilization in Qinghai and the formation of one of the Silk Road in ancient China.
都蘭熱水大墓：8世紀頃の吐谷渾の王族墓。吐谷渾は五胡十六国時代に遼西のモンゴル系の鮮卑慕容部から分かれた部族。4世紀から8世紀まで青海一帯を支配して栄えたが、チベット系の吐蕃王朝に滅ぼされた。この古墳群は大小合わせて200もの古墳の跡が確認され、そこからは錦、綾、羅、紗などの様々な絹織物が出土した。青海の道で東西交易が盛んであったことを証明した。かつては、北の河西回廊の迂回路とだけ考えられていた青海の道が、実は主要なシルクロードの一つであったことを証明したのだ。 Reshui Tomb.kmz (1.53 KB)
www.chinaheritagequarterly.org/articles.php?searchterm=001_qinghai.inc&issue=001
archaeologicalnews.tumblr.com/post/7890553362/protecting-the-tombs-of-the-tuyuhun-empire
5. Ancient City of Gaochang 高昌故城 (Chinese: 高昌; pinyin: Gāochāng), also called Karakhoja, Qara-hoja, Kara-Khoja, or Karahoja (قاراغوجا in Uyghur), is the site of a ruined, ancient oasis city on the northern rim of the inhospitable Taklamakan Desert in present-day Xinjiang, China. The site is also known in published reports as Chotscho, Khocho, Qocho, or Qočo. During the Yuan and Ming dynasties, Gaochang was referred to as "Halahezhuo" (哈拉和卓) (Qara-khoja) and Huozhou. The ruins are located 30 km from Turpan. The archaeological remains are just outside the modern town of Gaochang, at a place called Idykut-schari or Idikutschari by local residents. (see the work of Albert Grünwedel in the external links below). Artistic depictions of the city have been published by Albert von Le Coq. Gaochang is considered in some sources to have been be a "Chinese colony", that is, it was located in a region otherwise occupied at the time by West Eurasian Uighur peoples. A busy trading center, it was a stopping point for merchant traders traveling on the Silk Road. It was destroyed in wars during the 14th century, and old palace ruins and inside and outside cities can still be seen today. The ruins are located 30 km southeast of modern Turpan.
Near Gaochang is another major archeological site: the Astana tombs. Gaoshang.kmz (1.5 KB)
6. The Kizil Caves (also romanized Qizil Caves, spelling variant Qyzyl) are a set of Buddhist rock-cut caves located near Kizil Township (zh) (克孜尔乡, Kèzī'ěr Xiāng) in Baicheng County, Xinjiang, China. The site is located on the northern bank of the Muzat River 65 kilometres (75 km by road) west of Kucha. This area was a commercial hub of the Silk Road. The caves are said to be the earliest major Buddhist cave complex in China, with development occurring between the 3rd and 8th centuries.
The Kizil Caves complex is the largest of the ancient Buddhist cave sites that are associated with the ancient Tocharian kingdom of Kucha, as well as the largest in Xinjiang. Other cave sites in the Kucha region include the Kumtura Caves and Simsim Caves.
There are 236 cave temples in Kizil, carved into the cliff stretching from east to west for a length of 2 km. Of these, 135 are still relatively intact. The earliest caves are dated, based in part on radioactive carbon dating, to around the year 300. Most researchers believe that the caves were probably abandoned sometime around the beginning of the 8th century, after Tang influence reached the area. Documents written in Tocharian languages were found in Kizil, and a few of the caves contain Tocharian inscriptions which give the names of a few rulers.
Many of the caves have a central pillar design whereby pilgrims may circumambulate around a central column which is a representation of the stupa. A large vaulted chamber is located in front of the column and a smaller rear chamber behind with two tunnel-like corridors on the sides linking these spaces. In the front chamber, a three-dimensional image of Buddha would have been housed in a large niche serving as the focus of the interior, however, none of these sculptures have survived at Kizil. The rear chamber may feature the parinirvana scene in the form of a mural or large sculpture, and in some cases, a combination of both.
Kumārajīva (simplified Chinese: 鸠摩罗什; traditional Chinese: 鳩摩羅什; pinyin: Jiūmóluóshí; Wade–Giles: Chiu1 mo2 lo2 shih2, 344–413 CE) was a Buddhist monk, scholar, and translator from the Kingdom of Kucha who was known to be the first major scholar who translated Buddhist scripture into Chinese Language. He first studied teachings of the Sarvastivadin schools, later studied under Buddhasvāmin, and finally became an adherent of Mahayana Buddhism, studying the Mādhyamaka doctrine of Nāgārjuna. He is known to have studied here.
Kizil.kmz (2.07 KB) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kum%C4%81raj%C4%ABva
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kizil_Caveslink
7. Subashi is a lost city located near Kucha in the Taklamakan Desert, on the ancient Silk Road, in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of China. The city was partly excavated by the Japanese archaeologue Count Otani.
A sarira, a Buddhist relic box of the 6th-7th century, discovered in Subashi shows Central Asian men in long tunics, reminiscent of other friezes which have been called Tocharian.
The "Witch of Subashi" is another famous archaeological artifact, the mummy of a woman with a huge pointed hat, thought to be a representative of early Caucasian populations who lived in the region around the beginning of our era.
Subashi.kmz (1.21 KB)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subashi_%28lost_city%29
8. The Xiaohe 'Little River' Tomb complex (Chinese: 小河墓) refers to a bronze-age burial site located near Lop Nur, in Xinjiang, Western China. It is an oblong sand dune, from which more than 30 well-preserved mummies, buried in air-tight ox-hide bags, have been excavated. The mummies, the earliest of which date from around 4000 years ago, appear Caucasoid. Genetic analysis, however, revealed an admixture of population from the East and West, with the paternal lineage exclusively west Eurasian, and the maternal lineage a mixture of east and west Eurasian. The entire Xiaohe Tomb complex contains about 330 tombs, about 160 of which have been looted by grave robbers. The Xiaohe remains contains the largest number of mummies found at any single site in the world to date. No human settlement has been found near the tomb complex; the bodies were therefore likely to have been transported from elsewhere for burial at this site.
Xiaohe Tomb complex.kmz (1.36 KB)
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiaohe_Tomb_complex
